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Physics Guess Paper 2025 for 2nd year class. (Prepare it carefully)

Short Questions.

1. Why are heavy nuclei unstable?
2. A particle which produces more ionization is less penetrating. Why?
3. What factors make a fusion reaction difficult to achieve?
4. Give two uses of radioactivity in medicine.
5. What is meant by background radiations? Give its sources.
6. Distinguish between nucleon number and atomic number.
7. What is meant by half-life?
8. Describe a brief account of interaction of various types of radiations with matter.
9. Is energy conserved when an atom emits a photon of light?
10. What do we mean when we say that the atom is excited?
11. What are the advantages of laser over ordinary light?
12. What is the speed of an electron in the first Bohr orbit?
13. Give characteristics of X-rays.
14. What is meant by spontaneous emission?
15. Explain why laser action could not occur without population inversion between atomic levels.
16. Define the following: a. Band spectra b. Line spectra c. Spectroscopy
17. We do not notice the de Broglie wavelength for a pitched cricket ball. Explain why?
18. When does light behave as a wave? When does it behave as a particle?
19. What is threshold frequency?
20. Is it possible to create a single electron from energy?
21. What are the advantages of an electron microscope over an optical microscope?
22. What is the minimum energy required to eject an electron from the metal surface?
23. What is meant by inertial and non-inertial frames of reference?
24. Why don’t we observe the Compton Effect with visible light?
25. What is uncertainty principle?
26. What is the net charge on an n-type or p-type substance?
27. Why ordinary silicone diodes do not emit light?
28. Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor.
29. Why is the base current in a transistor very small?
30. Calculate the output of the op-amp circuit shown in the figure.
31. Define rectification and draw a circuit diagram for half wave rectifier.
32. The inputs of a gate are 1 and 0. Identify the gate if its output is (a) 0, (b) 1.
33. What is an operational amplifier? Give its characteristics.
34. What is meant by forward biased and reverse biased?
35. Distinguish between polymeric, crystalline and amorphous solids.
36. What is meant by strain energy? How can it be determined from the force-extension graph?
37. Define the following: (i) strain (ii) stress (iii) superconductor.
38. What is meant by para, dia and ferromagnetic substances? Give example of each.
39. A 1.5 cm diameter cylinder is subjected to a load of 2500 kg. Calculate the stress on the bar in mega Pascal.
40. Differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. How will you obtain n-type and p-type semiconductors from silicon?
41. What is meant by hysteresis loss? How is it used in the construction of a transformer?
42. What is meant by compressive deformation?
43. Define modulus elasticity.
44. Why D.C cannot flow through a capacitor?
45. What is meant by A.M and F.M?
46. Define the following: (i) inductor (ii) choke (iii) impedance.
47. How does doubling the frequency affect the working of inductor and capacitor?
48. Differentiate between amplitude modulation and frequency modulation.
49. When 10 V is applied to an A.C circuit the current flowing in it is 100 mA. Find its impedance.
50. In A.C the power P = I²R = VI = … in what circumstances it holds true?
51. What is the main advantage of three phase supply?
52. How many times per second will an incandescent lamp reach maximum brilliance when connected to 50 Hz source?
53. Define Lenz’s law and give its expression.
54. Define motional emf and give its expression.
55. Show that they have the same units.
56. Can a D.C motor be turned into D.C generator? How?
57. Write the cause of power dissipation in transformers.
58. Define self induction and mutual induction. Give their units.
59. How efficiency of a transformer can be improved?
60. What is the relation between back emf of motors and current?
61. Why the motor draws more current when it is overloaded?
62. How the electron beam is generated in CRO?
63. Why does the picture on a TV screen become distorted when a magnet is brought near it?
64. Why the charged particle is projected perpendicular to the magnetic field?
65. What is deflecting couple? How is it used?
66. A charged particle moves in a straight line through some region of space, is the magnetic field in region zero?
67. Give two functions of AVO meter?
68. Why the resistance of ammeter should be very low?
69. What is the current sensitivity of a galvanometer?
70. What is shunt resistance?
71. Do bends in a wire affect its electrical resistance?
72. What is drift velocity?
73. Why potentiometer is an accurate measuring instrument?
74. What is the principle of Wheatstone bridge?
75. What are the negative coefficients of temperature?
76. Why does the resistance of a conductor rise with temperature?
77. Describe the circuit which will give continuously varying current.
78. Why the resistance of voltmeter should be high?
79. Write the difference between emf and potential difference.
80. State Coulomb’s Law.
81. Write the properties of electric field lines.
82. What is a capacitor? Also define capacitance and its SI unit.
83. Define electron volt and electric potential.
84. Electric lines of forces never cross. Why?
85. State Gauss’s law and give its expression.
86. Write two differences between gravitational force and Coulomb’s electrostatic force.
87. How can you identify which plate of capacitor is positively charged?

Important Long Questions & Numerical.

• 1️ What is electric field? Find the electric field intensity due to an infinite sheet of charge.
• 2️ Find electric potential at a point due to a point charge.
• 3️ Write a note on Wheatstone bridge.
• 4️ Define electric power. Derive an expression for the power dissipated in a resistor.
• 5️ What is voltmeter? How galvanometer is converted into voltmeter?
• 6️ A power line 100 m high carries a current of 200 A. Find the magnetic field of the wire at the ground.
• 7️ A solenoid 15.0 cm long has 300 turns of wire. A current of 5.0 A flows through it. What is the magnitude of magnetic field inside the solenoid?
• 8️ Describe the principle, construction and working of a galvanometer.
• 9️ An ideal stepdown transformer is connected to main supply of 240 V. It is desired to operate a 12 V, 30-watt lamp. Find the current in the primary and transformational ratio.
• 1️0 Describe the principle, construction and working of a D.C generator.
• 1️1️ A solenoid has 250 turns and its self-inductance is 204 mH. What is the flux through each turn when the current is 2 A? What is the induced emf when current changes at 20 A/s?
• 1️2️ Derive an expression for the energy stored in an inductor and also for the energy density.
• 1️3️ Find the value of the current flowing through a capacitance 0.5 μF when connected to a source of 150 V at 50 Hz.
• 1️4️ Describe A.C through an inductor.
• 1️5️ Describe series and parallel resonance circuits.
• 1️6️ A 1.0 m copper wire is subjected to a stretching force and its length increases by 20 cm. Calculate the tensile strain and the percent elongation which the wire undergoes.
• 1️7️ Explain the magnetic properties of solids.
• 1️8️ Explain the mechanical properties of solids.
• 1️9️ What are semiconductors? Discuss the formation of P-type and N-type materials with a diagram.
• 2️0️ What is operational amplifier? Discuss operational amplifier as inverting amplifier. Calculate its gain.
• 2️1️ Calculate the gain of an amplifier in which collector resistance RC is 5 kΩ. The input resistance between the base and emitter of a typical resistor is 2.5 kΩ and value of its β = 100.
• 2️2️ Discuss the structure and working of electron microscope.
• 2️3️ Write a note on photoelectric effect.
• 2️4️ What is the mass of a 70 kg man in a space rocket travelling at 0.8C from us as measured from the earth?
• 2️5️ An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 50 V. Calculate de Broglie wavelength.
• 2️6️ What are the energies in eV of quanta of wavelength: λ = 400, 500, 700 nm?
• 2️7️ Describe Bohr’s postulates of hydrogen atom.
• 2️8️ Give the uses of laser in medicine and industry.
• 2️9️ Explain the working principle of laser.
• 3️0️ Define isotopes and describe mass spectrograph to separate different isotopes of an element.
• 3️1️ Radiations from a point obey the inverse square law. If the count rate at a distance of 1.0 m from Geiger counter is 360 counts per minute, what will be its count rate at 3.0 m from the source?
• 3️2️ Describe Wilson cloud chamber to detect radiation.

More important long questions.

1. Gauss law and its applications.

2. Capacitance and energy stored in capacitor.

3. Electric potential at a point due to point charge.

4. Kirchhoff’s second rule.

5. Wheatstone bridge.

6. Potentiometer.

7. State amperes law and field due to solenoid.

8. Torque on current carrying coil in magnetic

field.

9. Write a detail note on galvanometer.

10. Motional emf.

11. Faradays law of electromagnetic induction.

12. Energy stored in inductor.

13. Lenz law in detail.

14. RLC series or series resonance circuit.

15. RC and RL series circuit.

16. Metal detector.

17. Transistor as an amplifier.

18. OP-AMP as inverting and non-inverting.

19. Full and half wave rectification.

20. Strain energy in deformed material.

21. Energy band theory.

22. Photoelectric effect.

23. Broglie hypothesis and division and germen

experiment.

24. Hysteresis loop.

25. Bohr model of hydrogen atom.